چطور محبوب و دوست داشتنی باشیم
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کتاب چطور محبوب و دوست داشتنی باشیم یک کتاب پی دی اف ۱۰۰ صفحه ای می باشد که زیر مجموعه مسائل روانشناسی موفقیت بوده و گلچینی از کتابهای مختلف ، تجربیات شخصی حاصل از زندگی و تحقیق در جامعه ، مسائل دینی و… و منحصرا توسط وبسایت انسان موفق منتشر شده است و این کتاب کارهایی را که به دوست داشتنی و محبوب تر شدن ما نزد انسانهای دیگر و خدا کمک می کنند را با زبانی کاملا ساده و به دور از پیچیدگی های لغوی و کلمات دانشگاهی سنگین بر می شمارد و در این کتاب برای تاثیر گذاری بیشتر از جملات بزرگان و ائمه نیز استفاده شده است که خالی از لطف نیست و بسیار پر ازرش است.
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برچسب ها : چطور محبوب و دوست داشتنی باشیم ,
پایان نامه کامل به موضوعCOMBUSTION INITIATION BY ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE-INDUCED PLASMA IN LEAN ANDDILUTE METHANE-AIR MIXTURE: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING INVESTIGATION
نام کامل پایان نامه: COMBUSTION INITIATION BY ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE-INDUCED PLASMA IN LEAN AND DILUTE METHANE-AIR MIXTURE: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING INVESTIGATION
در سطح دکتری تخصصی
دانشگاه
MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
سال 2014
خلاصه:
This dissertation represents experimental and numerical investigations of combustion initiation trigged by electrical-discharge-induced plasma within lean and dilute methaneair mixture. This research topic is of interest due to its potential to further promote the understanding and prediction of spark ignition quality in high efficiency gasoline engines, which operate with lean and dilute fuel-air mixture. It is specified in this dissertation that the plasma to flame transition is the key process during the spark ignition event, yet it is also the most complicated and least understood procedure. Therefore the investigation is focused on the overlapped periods when plasma and flame both exists in the system. Experimental study is divided into two parts. Experiments in Part I focuses on the flame kernel resulting from the electrical discharge. A number of external factors are found to affect the growth of the flame kernel, resulting in complex correlations between discharge and flame kernel. Heat loss from the flame kernel to code ambient is found to be a dominant factor that quenches the flame kernel. Another experimental focus is on the plasma channel. Electrical discharges into gases induce intense and highly transient plasma. Detailed observation of the size and contents of the discharge-induced plasma channel is performed. Given the complex correlation and the multi-discipline physical/chemical processes involved in the plasma-flame transition, the modeling principle is taken to reproduce detailed transitions numerically with minimum analytical assumptions. Detailed measurement obtained from experimental work facilitates the more accurate description of initial reaction conditions. The novel and unique spark source considering both energy and species deposition is defined in a justified manner, which is the key feature of this Ignition by Plasma (IBP) model. The results of numerical simulation are intuitive and the potential of numerical simulation to better resolve the complex spark ignition mechanism is presented. Meanwhile, imperfections of the IBP model and numerical simulation have been specified and will address future attentions.
برچسب ها : پایان نامه کامل به موضوعCOMBUSTION INITIATION BY ELECTRICAL-DISCHARGE-INDUCED PLASMA IN LEAN ANDDILU ,
پایان نامه با موضوع Investigation of Plasma Assisted Combustion in an Internal Combustion Engine
پایان نامه با موضوع
Investigation of Plasma Assisted Combustion in an Internal Combustion Engine
در سطح ارشد
دانشگاه
Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
سال
2012
خلاصه
This research evaluates the effect on combustion cylinder pressure due to ignition from a 30kHz plasma ignition device, coupled with an arc discharge, in an internal combustion engine. The work includes outfitting an internal combustion engine with an optical encoder for refined timing control, and sensors for monitoring internal cylinder pressure and other engine parameters. Capturing and analyzing the collected data was performed by using multiple National Instruments data acquisition boards and mathematical evaluation software such as MATLAB. For each set of experimental parameters, over 1000 pressure curves were collected and a statistical analysis was conducted on the datasets. The experiments were motivated by a hypothesis of the ignition system developer that the use of plasma at the ignition site results in the formation of radicals, which are expected to change the ignition delay time and flame propagation characteristics. The experimental results show that the plasma ignition device creates two plasma states, one postulated to be in a streamer discharge state and the other in a glow discharge state. It was postulated by the industrial partner that an improvement of 4% to 9% in engine performance is possible through use of the spatial plasma discharge ignition device, however the experiment designed here provided a peak error
of 14.4% which is beyond the expected difference seen. However recommendations for improvement upon these errors (systematic and random) are discussed. The results from the engine experiments show that the number of voltage pulses and the amount of current induced during each pulse has no effect on the pressure traces to within the experimental uncertainty of the apparatus. However, the comparison of the plasma discharge ignition system to an inductive discharge (ID) unit shows that for engine loads of 60%, the peak cylinder pressure increases with breakdown current, and thus the conventional inductive discharge system creates higher cylinder pressures compared to the spatial plasma discharge ignition (SPDI) device under investigation. However, the mass fraction burn analyses conducted on these results show that the difference in combustion rates and ignition delay times are within the experimental uncertainty and are therefore not statistically significant.
برچسب ها : پایان نامه با موضوع Investigation of Plasma Assisted Combustion in an Internal Combustion Engine ,
پایان نامه دکتری با موضوع Non-equilibrium Plasma-Assisted Combustion
پایان نامه با موضوع
Non-equilibrium Plasma-Assisted Combustion
در سطح دکتری تخضض
خلاصه
As a promising method to enhance combustion, plasma-assisted combustion has
drawn considerable attention. Due to the fast electron impact excitation and dissociation
of molecules at low temperatures, plasma introduces new reaction pathways, changes fuel
oxidation timescales, and can dramatically modify the combustion processes. In this
dissertation, the radical generation from the plasma and its effect on flame extinction and
ignition were investigated experimentally together with detailed numerical simulation on
a counterflow CH4 diffusion flame. It was found that the atomic oxygen production
played a dominant role in enhancing the chain-branching reaction pathways and
accelerating fuel oxidation at near limit flame conditions. To understand the direct
coupling effect between plasma and flame, a novel plasma-assisted combustion system
with in situ discharge in a counterflow diffusion flame was developed. The ignition and
extinction characteristics of CH4/O2/He diffusion flames were investigated. For the first
time, it was demonstrated that the strong plasma-flame coupling in in situ discharge could
significantly modify the ignition/extinction characteristics and create a new fully
stretched ignition S-curve.
To understand low temperature kinetics of combustion, it is critical to measure the
formation and decomposition of H2O2. A molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS)
system was developed and integrated with a laminar flow reactor. H2O2 measurements
were directly calibrated, and compared to kinetic models. The results confirmed that low
and intermediate temperature DME oxidation produced significant amounts of H2O2. The
experimental characterizations of important intermediate species including H2O2, CH2O
and CH3OCHO provided new capabilities to investigate and improve the chemical
iv
kinetics especially at low temperatures.
A numerical scheme for model reduction was developed to improve the
computational efficiency in the simulation of combustion with detailed kinetics. A multi
generation Path Flux Analysis (PFA) method for kinetic mechanism reduction is
proposed and validated. In this method, the formation and consumption fluxes of each
species at multiple reaction path generations were analyzed and used to identify the
important reaction pathways. The comparisons of the ignition delays, flame speeds, and
flame structures showed that the PFA method presented a higher accuracy than that of
current existing methods in a broad range of initial pressures and temperatures.
برچسب ها : پایان نامه دکتری با موضوع Non-equilibrium Plasma-Assisted Combustion ,
ترجمه مقاله : Data Mining and Fusion Techniques for WSNs as a Source of the Big Data
تکنیک های داده کاوی و تلفیق( ترکیبی) برای WSN ها به عنوان منبعی از کلان داده ها
چکیده:
میزان تطبیق پذیری بالای شبکات حسگری بی سیم[1] در دنیا باعث افزایش میزان حجم داده های حسگری شده است که منجر به ایجاد پیچیدگی در کلان داده ها[2] میشود. این پدیده باعث شده است تا نیاز به استفاده از تکنیک های پردازش داده های درون شبکه ای حس شود که این تکنیک ها برای بروز موفقیت در چارچوب[3] کلان داده ها ضروری هستند. در این مقاله درباره ی نوآوری تکنیک های داده کاوی و تلفیق داده هایی که به طور ویژه برای شبکات حسگر بی سیم بوده اند, بحث و بررسی میشود. این تحقیق این مطلب را بررسی میکند که چطور این تکنیک ها می توانند داده های حسگری درون شبکه را آماده کننده (قبل از اینکه هر گونه پردازشی به عنوان کلان داده روی آنها صورت بگیرد.) این مسئله هم برای WSN مهم است و هم برای چارچوب کلان داده ها. برای WSN, تکنیک های پیش پردازشی درون شبکه ای می تواند به منزله ی راهی برای صرفه جوی در منابع محدودشان باشد. واز دیدگاه کلان داده ها, دریافت داده های تمیز(پالایش شده), بدون افزونگی و داده های مرتبط باعث کاهش حجم داده های اجرایی شود و از این رو در پلت فرم های پردازش کلان داده ها کاهش سرباری به وجود می آید و در کشف و یافتن[4] مقادیر در این داده ها, شتاب به وجود می آید.
Procedia Computer Science 65 ( 2015 ) 778 – 786
(International Conference on Communication, Management and Information Technology (ICCMIT 2015)
Data Mining and Fusion Techniques for WSNs as a Source of the Big Data
Mohamed Mostafa Fouada,b,e,f, Nour E. Oweisb,e, Tarek Gaberb,c,e,f, Maamoun Ahmedd, Vaclav Snaselb
Abstract :
The wide adoption of the Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs) applications around the world has increased the amount of the sensor data which contribute to the complexity of Big Data. This has emerged the need to the use of in-network data processing techniques which are very crucial for the success of the big data framework. This article gives overview and discussion about the state-of-theart of the data mining and data fusion techniques designed for the WSNs. It discusses how these techniques can prepare the sensor data inside the network (in-network) before any further processing as big data. This is very important for both of the WSNs and the big data framework. For the WSNs, the in-network pre-processing techniques could lead to saving in their limited resources. For the big data side, receiving a clean, non-redundant and relevant data would reduce the excessive data volume, thus an overload reduction will be obtained at the big data processing platforms and the discovery of values from these data will be accelerated. c 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of Universal Society for Applied Research. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks; Big Data; Data Mining; Data Fusion, Machine learning
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برچسب ها : شبکه های حسگر بی سیم , اطلاعات بزرگ , داده کاوی , داده های تلفیقی , یادگیری ماشین ,
فایل آپگرید دی وی آر 4 کانال آپتینا مدل Optina 3104N
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برچسب ها : آپگرید دی وی آر , Optina 3104N , 3104N , Optina , فریمور آبتینا , upgraid , framware , fraimware ,